Which carbohydrates are broken down into monosaccharides by hydrolysis reactions?

Monosaccharides are the simplest form of carbohydrates, consisting of single sugar units. Hydrolysis is a chemical process that involves the breaking down of larger carbohydrates into these simpler monosaccharide units through the addition of water.

Among the choices, disaccharides fit this description perfectly. They are composed of two monosaccharide units linked together by a glycosidic bond. When disaccharides undergo hydrolysis, this bond is broken, resulting in the release of two monosaccharides. For example, sucrose (a disaccharide) can be hydrolyzed into glucose and fructose.

Polysaccharides, while they can also be broken down into monosaccharides, contain many monosaccharide units and require multiple hydrolysis reactions to complete their breakdown. Oligosaccharides consist of 3 to 10 monosaccharides and also undergo hydrolysis but are not specifically referenced in this context when discussing the primary hydrolysis reactions that typically yield monosaccharides directly. Monoamines are not carbohydrates and are not involved in this hydrolysis process, thus making them irrelevant in this context.

Thus, the correct answer highlights the specific role of disaccharides in the hydrolysis process leading to the formation of monosaccharides.