What role do phagocytes play in the immune system?

Phagocytes play a crucial role in the immune system primarily by engulfing and digesting pathogens. These cells, which include macrophages and neutrophils, are part of the body's first line of defense against infections. When a pathogen invades the body, phagocytes are attracted to the site of infection. They recognize, attach to, and then engulf the invading microorganisms through a process called phagocytosis. Once inside the phagocyte, the pathogens are enclosed in a vesicle, which then fuses with lysosomes containing enzymes that break down and digest the pathogens.

This action not only eliminates the immediate threat but also contributes to the overall immune response by processing and presenting antigens from the pathogen on their surface, which helps to activate other components of the immune system, such as T cells. The effectiveness of phagocytes in engulfing and digesting pathogens is essential for controlling infections and maintaining health.