What is the role of ribonucleic acid in the cell?

Ribonucleic acid (RNA) plays a crucial role in the cell primarily in the process of protein synthesis. It serves multiple functions, with one of its key roles being the interpretation of genetic information stored in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and the synthesis of proteins that are vital for cellular function.

There are several types of RNA involved in this process. Messenger RNA (mRNA) is responsible for carrying the genetic code from the DNA in the nucleus to the ribosomes, where proteins are synthesized. Transfer RNA (tRNA) brings the appropriate amino acids to the ribosome during translation, and ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is a component of the ribosome itself, facilitating the assembly of proteins.

This involvement in translating the genetic code into functional proteins is essential for the cell's normal operation, growth, and response to its environment. Therefore, the role of RNA as a mediator in this process makes it indispensable in cellular biology and biochemistry.