What is the primary function of DNA polymerase?

The primary function of DNA polymerase is to synthesize new DNA strands during DNA replication. This enzyme plays a crucial role in copying a cell's DNA before cell division, ensuring that each daughter cell receives an exact copy of the genome. DNA polymerase adds nucleotides to a growing DNA strand in a specific sequence, complementary to the template strand, which is crucial for maintaining the fidelity of the genetic information.

In the context of DNA replication, DNA polymerase also has proofreading capabilities, which help to correct any mistakes in nucleotide incorporation, thereby enhancing the accuracy of DNA synthesis. This function is vital for the integrity of genetic information passed on during cell division.

While repairing damaged DNA and breaking down DNA are important cellular processes, they are not the primary functions of DNA polymerase, which is specifically dedicated to the synthesis of new DNA strands. The mention of RNA replication is also unrelated, as that process is primarily facilitated by RNA polymerase.