What is the basic structure of a virus?

The basic structure of a virus consists of genetic material encased in a protein coat, known as a capsid. This structure is essential because the genetic material, which can be either DNA or RNA, carries the instructions for the virus's replication and its ability to infect host cells. The capsid provides protection to the genetic material and helps in the attachment and entry of the virus into host cells, facilitating infection.

In viruses, the genetic material can vary in structure; it may be single-stranded or double-stranded, and it can be linear or circular, depending on the type of virus. The interaction between the capsid and the genetic material is crucial for the virus's stability and functionality, making this structure a defining feature of all viruses. Understanding this structure is fundamental to studying virology and the mechanisms through which viruses propagate and cause disease.