What is a biofilm?

A biofilm is accurately identified as a complex community of microorganisms adhered to a surface. These communities can consist of a variety of microbial species, including bacteria, fungi, and protists, which work together and provide benefits such as increased resistance to environmental challenges, nutrient acquisition, and enhanced survival under adverse conditions. Biofilms are commonly found in natural environments, such as rivers and oceans, as well as on manmade surfaces like medical devices and pipelines.

The structure of a biofilm is typically characterized by a matrix, often composed of polysaccharides, proteins, and DNA, which helps to protect the microbial inhabitants and allows them to communicate with each other through signaling molecules. This structure not only supports the growth of the microorganisms but also contributes to their ability to resist antibiotics and disinfectants, making biofilms a significant challenge in medical and industrial settings.

Understanding biofilms is critical in fields like microbiology and infectious diseases, as they play a role in chronic infections and can impair the efficacy of treatments.